{"id":2952,"date":"2023-06-21T14:48:56","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T13:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/?p=2952"},"modified":"2023-06-21T14:54:20","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T13:54:20","slug":"dr-beak-a-song-of-human-freedom-filled-with-the-spirit-of-resilience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/2023\/06\/21\/dr-beak-a-song-of-human-freedom-filled-with-the-spirit-of-resilience\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr Beak: A Song of Human Freedom Filled with the Spirit of Resilience"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This blog post was written by Di Chen, a HCRI Masters student, as part of the module <em>Disaster Management &#8211; Theory and Application (HCRI60141)<\/em>. The course leader noted both the innovative style and content of the writing. For more writing from Di Chen, visit her personal blog at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whynotd.com\/blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.whynotd.com\/blog\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"nLG8d5\">\n<article class=\"blog-post-page-font\">\n<div class=\"post-content__body\">\n<div class=\"moHCnT\">\n<div class=\"moHCnT\">\n<div class=\"fTEXDR A2sIZ4 QEEfz0\">\n<div class=\"itVXy dojW8l s6hjqn _8a1b4\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"mhGZq BAGeNT\">\n<div id=\"viewer-62chn\" class=\"QHjDE rzoRKE\">\n<div class=\"gO6aa y8JqQg y8JqQg flaqF\">\n<div class=\"Q6a5A\" role=\"button\">\n<div id=\"new-image8542999\" class=\"vBPBf L9OMM XHhj0\">\n<div style=\"width: 721px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/25b815_9c0d6b04e4f84cdfba745a80ab009929~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_740,h_552,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto\/25b815_9c0d6b04e4f84cdfba745a80ab009929~mv2.png\" alt=\"Drawing of bodies outside a citadel\" width=\"711\" height=\"530\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tragic State of Europe during the Black Death<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"viewer-2t94g\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 lnyWN yMZv8w bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;might say that every day lived through brought everyone, provided he survived, twenty-four hours nearer the end of his ordeal.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-edenp\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 UETKq O29H43 bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-rtl\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">\u2014\u2014 Albert Camus<em> &#8216;The Plague&#8217;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"viewer-nfv5\" class=\"DjYhe Y9Dpf OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p id=\"viewer-6uo9s\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">By examining Dr. Beak&#8217;s Black Death roots, this blog post examines the contribution to resilience made by the &#8216;Doctors&#8217; as a group. Thus indicating to current disaster managers that emergency responders should focus on stress and psychological building.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"viewer-6crl5\" class=\"DjYhe Y9Dpf OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>Who is the Dr Beak?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p id=\"viewer-bu507\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">If you like games, movies, or books, you may have seen a person with a bird&#8217;s beak-shaped mask, a sceptre, creepy lenses, and a black robe that wraps around his body (Fig. 1). In recent years, more and more humanistic works have used character designs inspired by the Dr Beak (Fig. 2). These designs often show images of death, gloom, and terror.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"viewer-fgmqu\" class=\"QHjDE rzoRKE\">\n<div class=\"gO6aa y8JqQg y8JqQg MM2xW tPreYT tPreYT\">\n<div class=\"cceIa\" role=\"none\">\n<div id=\"pro-gallery-fgmqu\" class=\"pro-gallery\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"pro-gallery-parent-container\" role=\"region\">\n<div id=\"pro-gallery-container-fgmqu\" class=\"pro-gallery inline-styles ltr \">\n<div id=\"pro-gallery-margin-container-fgmqu\" class=\"pro-gallery-margin-container\">\n<div class=\"item-link-wrapper\">\n<div id=\"pgibb5533cf18a147c3bc925b0ccf077ca6_0_0\" class=\"gallery-item-container item-container-hover has-custom-focus visible simulate-hover\" role=\"link\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"item-wrapper-bb5533cf-18a1-47c3-bc92-5b0ccf077ca6_0\" class=\"gallery-item-wrapper visible\">\n<div class=\"gallery-item-content item-content-hover image-item gallery-item-visible gallery-item gallery-item-preloaded \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"gallery-item-visible gallery-item gallery-item-preloaded alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/25b815_45b43cb7038b48a182ed38c2e048dcbb~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_315,h_437,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90\/25b815_45b43cb7038b48a182ed38c2e048dcbb~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"Historic cartoon of a Dr Beak character\" width=\"315\" height=\"437\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"item-hover-flex-container\">\n<div class=\"gallery-item-hover fullscreen-disabled default force-hover item-overlay-hover\">\n<div class=\"gallery-item-hover-inner\">\n<div class=\"ERjLK SF01N\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item-link-wrapper\">\n<div id=\"pgi4503aa6e8a6847219e0222b87616bff4_1_1\" class=\"gallery-item-container item-container-hover has-custom-focus visible simulate-hover\" role=\"link\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"item-wrapper-4503aa6e-8a68-4721-9e02-22b87616bff4_1\" class=\"gallery-item-wrapper visible\">\n<div class=\"gallery-item-content item-content-hover image-item gallery-item-visible gallery-item gallery-item-preloaded \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"gallery-item-visible gallery-item gallery-item-preloaded alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/25b815_d09cb1448ecd4484938006731255a61e~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_620,h_437,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90\/25b815_d09cb1448ecd4484938006731255a61e~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"Images taken from video games featuring Dr Beak-type characters\" width=\"620\" height=\"437\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"item-hover-flex-container\">\n<div class=\"gallery-item-hover fullscreen-disabled default force-hover item-overlay-hover\">\n<div class=\"gallery-item-hover-inner\">\n<div class=\"ERjLK SF01N\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"viewer-9n2sq\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Who is Dr Beak? Why does this image frighten many? Before answering, we must understand the Black Death, the worst plague in history.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-1b6e4\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">The Black Death, which ravaged Eurasia and Africa between 1347 and 1353, was the second plague epidemic and reduced the global population by up to 60%. (Benedictow, 2004).<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-68v1t\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">This 10-minute animation explains the Black Death&#8217;s timeline.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Link: <a class=\"TWoY9 itht3\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/m5q-PIN3KSE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u class=\"D-jZk\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/m5q-PIN3KSE<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m5q-PIN3KSE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen title=\"What Made The Black Death (The Plague) so Deadly?\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-b3vcg\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 cDpYU ok2w4y bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">This is a Dr Beak (Fig.3) who treated Black Death victims in mediaeval times. Due to Europe&#8217;s workforce shortage, plague practitioners were valuable to towns and cities. They became literary symbols of death and pestilence because they only appeared during plagues. People eventually saw them as the embodiment of the plague.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"viewer-dcmhs\" class=\"QHjDE rzoRKE\">\n<div class=\"-jC8z WT9QiX WT9QiX vEOuy\">\n<div class=\"Q6a5A\" role=\"button\">\n<div id=\"new-image8543000\" class=\"vBPBf L9OMM XHhj0\">\n<div style=\"width: 299px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/25b815_963544c9fbdf449ba872900120000bed~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_224,h_232,al_c,q_85,enc_auto\/25b815_963544c9fbdf449ba872900120000bed~mv2.png\" alt=\"Fig. 3 Dr Beak's Look\" width=\"289\" height=\"300\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3 Dr Beak&#8217;s Look<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<h4><strong style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 22px\">What Dr Beak can do?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"viewer-a6rig\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Human societies have their unique vulnerability, like Jenga, and disasters occur when the bottom layer is emptied, triggering a chain of cause-and-effect and structural stresses that cause the tower to collapse violently, quickly, and inevitably (Wisner et al., 2004). Medieval Europe was vulnerable for many reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2966 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/325\/2023\/06\/room-cause-300x292.png\" alt=\"A matrix showing the root causes of the Black Death, such as nature, architecture, economy, politics\" width=\"664\" height=\"646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/325\/2023\/06\/room-cause-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/325\/2023\/06\/room-cause-150x146.png 150w, https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/325\/2023\/06\/room-cause-250x244.png 250w, https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/325\/2023\/06\/room-cause-350x341.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/325\/2023\/06\/room-cause.png 718w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>According to Ritchie and Gill (2011), humans are an essential part of resilience. Doctors are potential patients, involuntary plague spreaders, communication links between dying patients and their families, and end-of-life ritual managers (Rapezzi et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>What can Dr Beak do with this wreckage? This animation will answer some doubts. Link: https:\/\/youtu.be\/u0iHnnEFUAk<\/p>\n<div id=\"viewer-ch4i1\" class=\"QHjDE rzoRKE\">\n<div class=\"gO6aa y8JqQg y8JqQg flaqF\">\n<div class=\"Q6a5A\" role=\"button\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/u0iHnnEFUAk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen title=\"Actual Life of Black Death Doctors\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-content__body\">\n<div class=\"moHCnT\">\n<div class=\"moHCnT\">\n<div class=\"fTEXDR A2sIZ4 QEEfz0\">\n<div class=\"itVXy dojW8l s6hjqn _8a1b4\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"mhGZq BAGeNT\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dr Beak was among the few who dared to face the plague head-on, but they could not treat it in their lifetime.<\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-5hg3o\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Nevertheless, they still made a significant contribution: they called for quarantine, listened to the prayers and wills of the patients, which gave them psychological comfort, and after the patients died, they counted the dead and burned the bodies, which helped contain the epidemic and stabilise society. Some doctors demanded clean water, air and the end of bloodletting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"viewer-55jb1\" class=\"DjYhe Y9Dpf OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>Revisiting Dr Beak?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p id=\"viewer-c442v\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Whether or not they saved lives, donning beak masks symbolised the courage to restore the &#8220;Jenga.&#8221; They face death every day until they are accidentally infected, repeating tens of thousands of people&#8217;s fate. It is perhaps why the beak mask has become such a cultural symbol in today&#8217;s world (Fig. 4).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"viewer-6frch\" class=\"QHjDE rzoRKE\">\n<div class=\"gO6aa y8JqQg y8JqQg UAgbc OXFdk4 OXFdk4\">\n<div class=\"Q6a5A\" role=\"button\">\n<div id=\"new-image8543002\" class=\"vBPBf L9OMM XHhj0\">\n<div style=\"width: 385px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/25b815_9da3facc66a14a1d83357c658e215707~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_360,h_243,al_c,lg_1,q_80,enc_auto\/25b815_9da3facc66a14a1d83357c658e215707~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"Painting of partygoers wearing masks\" width=\"375\" height=\"253\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig.4 Beak mask from the Venice Carnival<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"viewer-bomh5\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">The disease is a never-ending arms race. The plague fighters will die of disease and old age, but there will always be successors. Someone wore masks and suits to fight the Black Death, as did doctors centuries later. Someone will always be on the front lines of an epidemic, and beneath the beak doctor&#8217;s terror is the eternal heart of a healer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Disaster management professionals should respect and tolerate doctors based on enhanced medical construction. At the same time, we should focus on emergency personnel&#8217;s physical and mental health, acknowledge the high load, stress, and risk of emergency management, and tailor psychological development to this group. Respect should substitute &#8220;death&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"viewer-9fgi\" class=\"QHjDE rzoRKE\">\n<div class=\"gO6aa y8JqQg y8JqQg UAgbc OXFdk4 OXFdk4\">\n<div class=\"Q6a5A\" role=\"button\">\n<div id=\"new-image8543003\" class=\"vBPBf L9OMM XHhj0\">\n<div style=\"width: 336px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/25b815_01814cffd22843d7a88d25ed43804d1e~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_315,h_315,al_c,lg_1,q_85,enc_auto\/25b815_01814cffd22843d7a88d25ed43804d1e~mv2.png\" alt=\"Drawing of a plague doctor\" width=\"326\" height=\"326\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doctor of Black Death<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fTEXDR A2sIZ4 QEEfz0\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<h4><strong style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 22px\">Reference<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p id=\"viewer-7vdl3\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth1 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Benedictow, O. J. (2014). The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History (Boydell and Brewer, Woodbridge, UK, and Rochester, N.Y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-d0l40\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth1 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Rapezzi, C., Tavazzi, L., &amp; Ferrari, R. (2020). The \u2018Black Death\u2019and the physician at the time of COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth1 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Ritchie, L., &amp; Gill, D. (2011). The role of community capitals in disaster recovery. Report for an online symposium sponsored by the Public Entity Research Institute.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-8s81n\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth1 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., &amp; Davis, I. (2014). At risk: natural hazards, people&#8217;s vulnerability and disasters. Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf bCMSCT OZy-3 _40ACk Ecq9kg bCMSCT public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth1 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Wissen Media, (2008), p. 197. https:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books?id=3DVH8dVGkX0C&amp;pg=PA197 2. Superstock: Dr. Schnabel of Rome, a Plague Doctor in 1656 Paul Fuerst Copper engraving (Stock Photo 1443-1112)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This blog post was written by Di Chen, a HCRI Masters student, as part of the module Disaster Management &#8211; Theory and Application (HCRI60141). The course leader noted both the innovative style and content of the writing. For more writing from Di Chen, visit her personal blog at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.whynotd.com\/blog\u00a0 &nbsp; &#8220;&#8230;might say that every day lived [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6208,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-student-blogs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6208"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2952"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2979,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952\/revisions\/2979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/hcri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}