﻿{"id":4007,"date":"2025-02-06T09:00:24","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T09:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/2025\/02\/06\/global-rankings-citation-based-performance\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T11:37:51","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T11:37:51","slug":"global-rankings-citation-based-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/2025\/02\/06\/global-rankings-citation-based-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"Colette Fagan, Scott Taylor, and Lynda McIntosh: Global rankings and how to improve citations-based performance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;4&#8243;][et_pb_row_inner admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243;][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; featured_placement=&#8221;above&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>A strong global ranking is important for the University\u2019s reputation and success. Rankings provide an indication of our global standing for research and innovation, teaching, and our impact. This standing is a magnet which helps us to recruit and retain the best global talent and to build international collaborations and partnerships with universities, industry, and other organisations.<\/p>\n<p>Global rankings are equally important for attracting and recruiting our home and international students. Some government and other funders of international studentships will only fund students to attend leading universities based on their position in the global rankings.<\/p>\n<p>We have a strong position in the three major global rankings \u2013 the QS (34<sup>th<\/sup>) THE (53<sup>rd<\/sup>) and ARWU (52<sup>nd<\/sup>) and an excellent position \u00a0in the THE ranking that measure impact on the global <a href=\"https:\/\/www.manchester.ac.uk\/about\/news\/university-of-manchester-retains-number-1-ranking-in-the-uk-number-1-in-europe-and-second-in-the-world-for-social-and-environmental-impact\/\">SDGs<\/a> (2<sup>nd<\/sup>) as well as our contribution to social and environmental sustainability (QS 6<sup>th<\/sup>). However, our overall position in the three major global rankings (QS, THE, ARWU) is declining whilst competition increases, particularly from institutions in Asia.<\/p>\n<p>Ranking methodologies are imperfect, and none measure all that we do, so we should not let them distort our plans. However, we need to focus collectively on maximising our performance.<\/p>\n<h2>Global Rankings: our approach<\/h2>\n<p>We have established a Global Ranking<span style=\"text-decoration: line-through\">\u2019<\/span>s Taskforce (GRT), which will target actions that could help improve our performance. Our initial focus is targeting publication and citation-based metrics because we have identified this as an area of relative underperformance compared to our strong performance in other data used in the rankings. GRT will work through the ranking cycle to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>coordinate communication of rankings performance internally and externally;<\/li>\n<li>use analytics to develop a benchmark position and understand underlying drivers;<\/li>\n<li>make key rankings data accessible to colleagues via Power BI;<\/li>\n<li>drive targeted actions for overall improvement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Publication and Citation-based metrics<\/h2>\n<p>We currently have lower numbers of highly cited researchers than global and UK peers, and a gap to the top 25 institutions for citation metrics, which are present in all major rankings, dominated by Scopus (powering THE and QS) and the Web of Science (ARWU) data.<\/p>\n<p>Citation-based metrics have limitations. For example, citation counts do not directly measure research quality, article types can have different citation patterns (e.g. reviews vs. original research) while network effects and self-citation practice can influence metrics.<\/p>\n<p>There is also an English-language bias, with lower visibility and citation of publications in other languages on average, and other EDI issues. For example, on average women receive comparable or higher citations per individual paper compared to men but <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/2024\/03\/25\/why-are-women-cited-less-than-men\/\">accumulate fewer total citations over their careers due to lower publication rates<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Responsible metrics<\/h2>\n<p>The University was one of the first UK signatories of the <a href=\"https:\/\/sfdora.org\/\">San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA)<\/a>. \u00a0In line with DORA\u2019s recommendations we use citations data which are normalised by field over the preceding 5 years to account for disciplinary differences and effect of the age of the publication.<\/p>\n<p>Citations-based metrics of the individual researcher are used as only one indicator among other quantitative and qualitative information to make judgements about research performance. Other quantitative measures include research funding, PGR supervision, prizes, and other esteem measures. These limitations are considered when interpreting an individual&#8217;s citations.<\/p>\n<p>Read our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.manchester.ac.uk\/services\/research\/open-research\/responsible-metrics\/\">Responsible Metrics statement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Media, press and digital communication<\/h2>\n<p>Evidence suggests that working with the media, particularly via press releases, significantly enhances the visibility of research, which in turn correlates with increased citation rates. Using our institutional membership for Scite.ai, a list of published evidence that shows the benefits of mentioning research in a press release to improve citation rates was generated and reviewed.<\/p>\n<p>One of the key findings is that articles receiving high online media attention, often facilitated by press releases, tend to have higher citation counts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haneef et al. noted a <strong>strong correlation between online media attention and the number of scholarly citations<\/strong>, indicating that increased exposure through press releases can lead to greater academic recognition\u00a0<u>(Haneef et al., 2017)<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Boyd et al. highlighted that research promotion, including the <strong>use of press releases<\/strong>, <strong>is associated with broader influence and higher impact of publications<\/strong>, suggesting that authors should actively disseminate their work to maximise its reach and citation potential\u00a0<u>(Boyd et al., 2022)<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Mathelus et al. provided empirical evidence showing that <strong>articles promoted via press releases experienced a significant boost in citations<\/strong>, with their study indicating that such publicity efforts could increase citations by as much as 2.0 to 2.2 times\u00a0<u>(Mathelus et al., 2012)<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Ara\u00fajo et al. identified the <strong>presence of press releases as a critical factor associated with high Altmetrics scores<\/strong>, which are indicative of online attention and engagement\u00a0<u>(Ara\u00fajo et al., 2021)<\/u>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The impact of press releases extends beyond academic circles and how research is subsequently perceived in the media:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Casino et al. emphasised that <strong>press citations<\/strong>, which often stem from journal press releases, <strong>enhance the visibility of research papers and consequently boost their citation rates<\/strong> in scientific literature\u00a0<u>(Casino et al., 2017)<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Schroeder noted that a significant percentage of <strong>health news stories<\/strong> originate from press releases, underscoring their role as <strong>a primary source of information for journalists<\/strong><u>(Schroeder, 2010)<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Fuoco et al. reinforced the notion that <strong>issuing press releases correlates with increased scholarly citations<\/strong>, particularly for significant findings that might otherwise go unnoticed\u00a0<u>(Fuoco et al., 2023)<\/u>. This relationship is crucial for researchers aiming to ensure that their work reaches a wider audience, including policymakers and the public, thereby increasing its potential impact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The interplay between media attention generated by press releases and academic citations is evident across multiple studies, highlighting the importance of effective communication strategies in the dissemination of scientific research. Self-publicity via social media and digital channels can help researchers reach new audiences, build a presence, and increase the visibility of your work.<\/p>\n<h2>Five actions you can take as researchers<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Connect and maintain your <a href=\"https:\/\/documents.manchester.ac.uk\/protected\/display.aspx?DocID=36006\">ORCID<\/a>, Researcher ID, Scopus ID \u2013 checking for and merging any duplicates (e.g. through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/feedback\/author\/home.uri\">Scopus Author Feedback Wizard<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Connect these IDs to your Pure profile (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk\/pure\/researchers\/researcherprofiles\/\">Pure guidance for researchers<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Ensure you use University of Manchester affiliation.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure your publication title and abstract is clear to promote it and encourage readership.<\/li>\n<li>Learn how to maximise your profile and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk\/promoting-your-research\/\">promote your research, access media and social media training<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Townhall recording<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BlBsgiLX6-U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"Global Rankings Townhall - 22 January 2025\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Sign up to the Research Communications Conference \u2013 5 March<\/h2>\n<p>A must-attend event for UoM staff and PGRs interested in upskilling to communicate their research, including sessions on working with the media, using social and digital platforms, AI tools and writing a lay summary. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eventbrite.com\/e\/the-university-of-manchesters-research-communications-conference-2025-tickets-1080369988719?aff=oddtdtcreator\">Sign up here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Contact our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.manchester.ac.uk\/about\/news\/contact-media-relations\/\">Media Relations<\/a> team at Manchester.<\/p>\n<p><span>How do you think we can maintain and improve our global rankings and where would you like to see the University&#8217;s rankings position in 2035?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_nav _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; prev_text=&#8221;Previous&#8221; next_text=&#8221;Next&#8221; in_same_term=&#8221;off&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; \/][et_pb_comments _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; \/][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Related posts&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; locked=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Related<\/h1>\n<!-- relpost-thumb-wrapper --><div class=\"relpost-thumb-wrapper\"><!-- filter-class --><div class=\"relpost-thumb-container\"><h3>Related posts:<\/h3><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><!-- relpost-block-container --><div class=\"relpost-block-container relpost-block-column-layout\" style=\"--relposth-columns: 3;--relposth-columns_t: 2; --relposth-columns_m: 2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/2022\/05\/05\/what-is-ref\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/138\/2021\/07\/thumbnail_Colette_fg1bam-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 12px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">Colette Fagan: REF2021 results countdown - what it is and why it\u2019s so important<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/2022\/11\/03\/operations-and-change\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-label=\"Patrick Hackett\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/138\/2018\/10\/Untitled-5-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 12px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">Patrick Hackett: Operations and change\u00a0<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/2020\/12\/09\/wellbeing_and_christmas\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-label=\"Pic of Gemma Dale\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/138\/2020\/07\/gemma-dale-VP-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 12px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">Gemma Dale: Wellbeing and the festive season<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><!-- close relpost-block-container --><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><\/div><!-- close filter class --><\/div><!-- close relpost-thumb-wrapper -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243;][et_pb_sidebar admin_label=&#8221;Subscribe&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; area=&#8221;et_pb_widget_area_3&#8243; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; \/][et_pb_sidebar _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; area=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243; show_border=&#8221;off&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A strong global ranking is important for the University\u2019s reputation and success. Rankings provide an indication of our global standing for research and innovation, teaching, and our impact. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":521,"featured_media":4065,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"off\" specialty=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.17.6\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" specialty_columns=\"4\"][et_pb_row_inner admin_label=\"Row\"][et_pb_column_inner type=\"4_4\" saved_specialty_column_type=\"2_3\"][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=\"3.17.6\" featured_placement=\"above\" locked=\"on\" \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"3.17.6\"]<\/p><p>When I\u2019m out and about meeting staff I hear much debate about the why, what, when and how of change in our University. I wanted to share my thoughts on this often contentious topic \u2013 and hear your views too.<\/p><p>Early in 2020 we will launch our University\u2019s new vision and strategic plan \u2013 Our future. In order to fulfil Our future we need to ensure that we are in a financially sustainable position so that we have the funds to invest in the new staff, facilities and infrastructure which will be needed to bring our plans to life.<\/p><p>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.manchester.ac.uk\/discover\/governance\/corporate-documents\/\">Financial Statements<\/a> for 2018\/19, which have been published following approval by the Board of Governors, confirm that more than 95% of our \u00a31.1bn income is spent on our core goals - on our staff and our students - to deliver research, education and social responsibility; with the remainder invested in the long term sustainability of our University. You can find a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk\/news\/display\/?id=23119\">summary<\/a> of the Financial Statements on StaffNet.<\/p><p>However, this is a testing time for UK universities, due to the many external factors that have an impact on us - current home tuition fees are falling in real terms, whilst our costs (not just pay but non-pay too) are increasing. There are further and even greater tuition fee funding risks outlined in General Election manifestos as well as a range of Brexit-related risks that could affect our operations. The Office for Students (OfS) demands that we demonstrate both value for money for our students and our financial sustainability (in the sense of being able to invest to deliver our ambitious strategy, rather than survival). There are, of course, also ongoing unresolved national issues around pay and the continuing challenges around funding pensions in the higher education sector.<\/p><p>Our Financial Statements show an improved operating surplus (3.7% of income compared to \u00a324.7m (2.3%) in 2017\/18), with a rise in income from tuition fees, education contracts and research. As I mentioned earlier, we re-invest the surplus we achieve each year in activity in line with our strategy. Recently our funds have been used to create some new academic and Professional Services posts; to invest in key infrastructure including IT; to invest in some new buildings like our student accommodation at Unsworth Park; to improve the student experience by funding more full-time Residential Life staff and to upgrade a range of buildings and research and teaching spaces and resources. Increasingly it is also invested in environmental sustainability and meeting our ambitious carbon targets. So even when we are making difficult decisions in some parts of the University we continue to invest our surplus.<\/p><p>Whilst we have reported an operating surplus, our Board of Governors expects us to deliver a much larger surplus than this (at least 5%) if we are to be sustainable in the long-term. <br \/>Improving our financial performance will help to deliver our ambitious future plans, but we must also increase our capacity to create the funds and time to invest in our core goals. One of the ways we can do this is by changing what we do and how we do things.<\/p><p>Our strategic change programme (including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk\/modernising-it\/\">IT Modernisation<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk\/sep\/\">Student Experience Programme<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rlp.manchester.ac.uk\/\">Research Lifecycle Programme<\/a>), alongside our continuous improvement plans, will ensure that we create the financial headroom to invest in people and facilities. The strategic change programme will also enable us to embrace new technologies and new ways of doing things that better support all our staff and students to be the best that they can be.<\/p><p>Yes, this means that some individual roles will change. New roles (some that we haven\u2019t yet identified) will be created and some roles will no longer be required. I appreciate that this will cause some uncertainty and where that is the case we will do everything we can to support staff, but the alternative is that we never change anything. If we fail to take advantage of advances in technology and develop more joined-up ways of working we will ultimately find ourselves outdated in the eyes of future students, funders and other stakeholders. Staff want to work for a progressive and successful institution, of which they can be proud. This means we cannot stand still.<\/p><p>When I talk to staff and students I often hear their frustrations about how difficult it be can be to get some straightforward things done, grappling with paper-based, manual and repetitive processes, on outdated systems and infrastructure, all of which serves to increase staff workloads. Everyone wants to do a good job, but regularly feel that our world-class status is earned in spite of our internal systems and processes, not because of them.<\/p><p>To deliver our new vision and strategic plan we will need to embrace new opportunities and face challenges with courage and determination. That will sometimes mean we have to make tough decisions and no-one is claiming it will be easy or that mistakes will not be made along the way. But where we do have tough choices to make we will commit to implementing changes fairly and with compassion to support the wellbeing of all our colleagues.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_nav _builder_version=\"3.17.6\" prev_text=\"Previous\" next_text=\"Next\" in_same_term=\"off\" locked=\"on\" \/][et_pb_comments _builder_version=\"3.17.6\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_color=\"#ffffff\" locked=\"on\" \/][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Related posts\" _builder_version=\"3.17.6\" locked=\"on\"]<\/p><h1>Related<\/h1><p>[related-posts-thumbnails]<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\"][et_pb_sidebar admin_label=\"Subscribe\" _builder_version=\"3.17.6\" area=\"et_pb_widget_area_3\" locked=\"on\" \/][et_pb_sidebar _builder_version=\"3.17.6\" area=\"sidebar-1\" show_border=\"off\" locked=\"on\" \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/521"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4007"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4069,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4007\/revisions\/4069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.manchester.ac.uk\/viewpoint\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}