Myositis is a rare disease affecting the muscles and connective tissues of the body. In people who suffer with myositis, the muscles become inflamed causing weakness of the arms and legs.  There are several types of myositis and the treatment offered varies depending on which type a person has.

Polymyositis and inclusion body myositis are two different types of myositis. Whilst people with polymyositis can respond to anti-inflammatory treatment, unfortunately people with inclusion body myositis do not. Research is currently being done to look at new ways of treating people with this condition.

Polymyositis and inclusion body myositis can look similar to doctors, meaning that people can be misdiagnosed and given treatments that they do not need and that can cause side effects. In people with inclusion body myositis, a sticky protein called amyloid builds up inside muscle cells. This does not usually happen in polymyositis. Currently the only way to look for this amyloid is to obtain a muscle biopsy for histological examination.

In this study we used a new type of muscle scan to try and detect amyloid without the need for a muscle biopsy. We wanted to see if we could use the results of the scan to work out if people had inclusion body myositis or polymyositis.

Our scans found much more amyloid in the muscles of people with inclusion body myositis. Using this result, we could correctly predict who had polymyositis or inclusion body myositis correctly in most cases. Further development of this scan technique could help doctors to diagnose the right type of myositis earlier and ensure that the correct treatment is given.

Publications

Lilleker JB. et al. Muscle amyloid scan provides a new way to distinguish between different types of muscle inflammation. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2019;78:657-662. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215446 | Publication link: 66ebd3ea-f2c8-4cef-b156-5839a4a6c8d6

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